@article{DEB2001447,
title = {Design of truss-structures for minimum weight using genetic algorithms},
journal = {Finite Elements in Analysis and Design},
volume = {37},
number = {5},
pages = {447-465},
year = {2001},
note = {Genetic algorithms and finite elements in engineering},
issn = {0168-874X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-874X(00)00057-3},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168874X00000573},
author = {Kalyanmoy Deb and Surendra Gulati},
keywords = {Genetic algorithms, Structural optimization, Topology design, Truss optimization},
abstract = {Optimization of truss-structures for finding optimal cross-sectional size, topology, and configuration of 2-D and 3-D trusses to achieve minimum weight is carried out using real-coded genetic algorithms (GAs). All the above three optimization techniques have been made possible by using a novel representation scheme. Although the proposed GA uses a fixed-length vector of design variables representing member areas and change in nodal coordinates, a simple member exclusion principle is introduced to obtain differing topologies. Moreover, practical considerations, such as inclusion of important nodes in the optimized structure is taken care of by using a concept of basic and non-basic nodes. Stress, deflection, and kinematic stability considerations are also handled using constraints. In a number of 2-D and 3-D trusses, the proposed technique finds intuitively optimal or near-optimal trusses, which are also found to have smaller weight than those that are reported in the literature.}
}